Using indirect speech to report words and ideas

ugs.gif (980 bytes) Indirect speech changes page 1 of 6

Introduction

Coursebooks and reference books sometimes say that a number of changes have to be made when transforming direct speech into indirect speech:

bullet.gif (991 bytes) Change present tense to past tense.
bullet.gif (991 bytes) Change tomorrow to the next day.
bullet.gif (991 bytes) Change come to go.
bullet.gif (991 bytes) Change here to there, and so on.

While these rules can be taught easily, they do not always reflect the use of authentic English, and teachers may sometimes find it difficult to explain cases which break these rules. To see a relevant teacher's question, click on this icon .

This file explains that changing one form to another in indirect speech depends on meaning, and students need to be aware of this from the beginning.

You may either read through this file page by page or jump to a specific page by clicking on one of the choices below.

square.gif (58 bytes) Introduction
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Tense changes in indirect speech
04conten.gif (549 bytes) When to make tense changes in indirect speech
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Adverb changes in indirect speech
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Pronoun changes in indirect speech
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Other changes in indirect speech