Using indirect speech to report words and ideas

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Using other reporting verbs

Apart from say, tell, speak, and talk, students also need to learn a range of other reporting verbs.

Reporting verbs that indicate the speaker's purpose

These are verbs that tell us why someone has said or written something:

He explained that the water is pure. (SCMP 4/6/94)

Ali allegedly answered that it was heroin. (SCMP 4/8/92)

They complained that they couldn't sleep. (Bank of English)

Other similar verbs include:

    announce     argue     comment     confess   confirm
    inform     notify     observe     order   plead
    predict     promise     propose     protest   recommend
    record     report     reveal     specify   state

Reporting verbs that indicate the reporter's attitude

These are verbs that tell us the reporter's attitude towards what he or she reports:

He admitted that a further increase could be necessary.
(Microconcord Corpus A)

He pointed out that the reporting scheme was essential.
(SCMP 2/6/92)

The verbs admit and point out show that the reporter believes in the truth of what is reported. Other similar reporting verbs include:

  acknowledge    confess   foretell   indicate    mention
  note    recall   reveal   make clear

Now consider the reporting verbs claim and allege, as in:

He claimed that he acted only as driver of the getaway car. (SCMP 15/7/92)

Several times he alleged that Michael was corrupt. (SCMP 18/9/92)

The verbs claim and allege show that the reporter has doubt about the truth of what is reported. Other similar reporting verbs include:

    lie     misinform    purport

 04conten.gif (549 bytes) Introduction
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Using say
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Using tell
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Using speak
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Using talk
square.gif (58 bytes) Using other reporting verbs
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Reporting verbs and negation