Developing cohesion
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Substitution | page 5 of 5 |
Using so and not as clausal substitutes
So is commonly used as a substitute for a that-clause in the position of the direct object, ie coming immediately after the verb. It may occur with verbs of thinking:
Many people think that Hong Kong is a beautiful place and a rich city. However, I don't think so because I saw a terrible scene when I walked in Wanchai last Sunday. (TeleNex Students)
or saying:
He is a part of our plans for the next 10 years, not just for the next 10 days. And we have told him so. (Bank of English)
and with the adjective afraid:
"Does he still have my ID?" inquired the priest.
"I'm afraid so." (Bank of English)
Not is the negative equivalent of so. Like so, it occurs with verbs of thinking:
A: I've got a man in Russia. They don't get many days off there. B: No, I suppose not. (Bank of English)
and with the adjective afraid:
A: Is there any way I can get hold of him? B: I'm afraid not. (Bank of English)
but not with verbs of saying.
Verbs of thinking that are commonly followed by both so and not include:
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* Appear and seem typically take an impersonal subject (generally it) when followed by so or not.
Introduction
Using so and not as clausal substitutes
