Using passive voice

ugs.gif (980 bytes) Passive voice or be + adjective page 1 of 5

Introduction

Consider the following example:

Perhaps this David Li Kwok-po is related to the David Li Kwok-po who is on the board of Dow Jones, publishers of the "Far Eastern Economic Review". (SCMP 13/5/94)

Although is related looks like a passive verb form, it is possible neither to add in an agent gloss.gif (923 bytes) nor to change the clause into active voice:

Perhaps this David Li Kwok-po is related by someone (or something) to the David Li Kwok-po who is on the board of Dow Jones, publishers of the "Far Eastern Economic Review".

Perhaps someone (or something) relates this David Li Kwok-Po to the David Li Kwok-po who is on the board of Dow Jones, publishers of the "Far Eastern Economic Review".

Forms such as this are therefore best regarded not as passive voice verbs but as forms of the verb be followed by adjectives ending in -ed or -en. There is in fact a continuum between "true" passive voice verb forms and such be + adjective structures.

This file gives details of this continuum between passive voice forms and be + adjective structures.

You may either read through the file page by page or jump to a specific page by clicking on one of the choices below.

square.gif (58 bytes) Introduction
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Three points on the continuum
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Central passives
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Semi-passives
04conten.gif (549 bytes) Pseudo-passives